Electrolyte chemistry is the primary limiting factor for the next generation of lithium batteries, especially for large-scale energy storage and electric vehicle applications. Currently, electrolytes for lithium batteries are composed chiefly of organic carbonate solvents mixed with a lithium salt for ionic conductivity. While these electrolytes efficiently convey lithium ions from one electrode to the other during operation and recharging, they suffer from several intrinsic flaws. The fundamental flaws of current lithium battery electrolytes (mostly LiPF6 salt dissolved in a mixture of organic carbonate solvents) are as follows:

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1. Loss of useful power after multiple charge/discharge cycles due to heat build-up

2. Irreversible material decomposition of the electrolyte and loss of soluble lithium

3. Devastating safety issues from thermal runaway

4. Inability to ever meet desired energy density requirements for large lithium cell packs for electric vehicle and large-scale energy storage cells

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NDE solves these problems by replacing most of the organic electrolytes with Phosphorus-Nitrogen-based inorganic liquids. The company has refined and tested the process for replacing a percentage of the organic carbonate compounds with our Phospholyte® (10-30% for most use cases). Future product developments protected by issued patents (both licensed and company-owned) will significantly increase the percentage replacement of the carbonates, up to as much as a full displacement of the need for any organic components.